Mechanism of solid state reduction of chromite
The mechanism of the solid state reduction of a Greek chromite concentrate by graphite in the temperature range 1100-1470°C is studied. ... Ferrochromium produced by smelting chromite ores is an ...
اقرأ أكثر
Effect of SiO 2 addition on solid state reduction of chromite concentrate
The effect of SiO 2 addition on the solid state reduction of a Greek chromite concentrate, at 1300 and 1400°C, has been studied. Addition of SiO 2 in the chromite concentrate-graphite mixture ...
اقرأ أكثر
An integrated approach for production of stainless steel …
The smelting performance of the Cr-bearing sinter made from the 40% chromite and 60% magnetite mixture was assessed under simulated blast furnace smelting conditions. …
اقرأ أكثر
Direct leach approaches to Platinum Group Metal (PGM) …
This adds significant capital and operating costs to smelting of chromite-rich PGM concentrates. The concentrate smelt–refine route results in approximately 144 kg CO 2 …
اقرأ أكثر
Aspects of SAF Smelting of Ferrochrom
The chromite charge to the furnace is principally in the form of lump ore and /or pellets. The lump ore material consists of chromite grains surrounded by solidified host rock (Fig. 2). Pellets are made from chromite concentrates that have been agglomerated and pre-treated to form spherical particles (Fig. 3). The
اقرأ أكثر
Computational Fluid Dynamic Modelling of an Electric …
an Electric Smelting Furnace in the ... To account for the effect of concentrate melting, distinctive smelting zones were identified within the ... phase between the slag and matte for representing the 'mushy' chromite/highly viscous slag commonly found in this region. These models were allowed to iterate until steady state conditions has
اقرأ أكثر
Smelting of High-Carbon Ferrochrome from Prereduced Chromite …
Experimental smelting of three batches of prereduced chromite raw materials with different degrees of metallization of chromium was conducted in the 0.2 MVA ore-smelting furnace of the Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev (Karaganda). To assess the performance indicators of the remelting of prereduced chromite raw materials in …
اقرأ أكثر
What is your PGM concentrate worth?
the chromite in UG2 concentrates and high nickel concentrates from Merensky or the Platreef will quickly fill any locally available base metal refining capacity. Few if ... Faced with limited capacity for concentrate smelting and base metal refining within the local platinum industry,
اقرأ أكثر
CA2974476A1
The method comprises a providing step for providing a chromite concentrate feed (1), and an adding step for adding at least fluxing agent (2) to the chromite concentrate feed (1) to obtain a pelletizing feed (12). The fluxing agent (2) is at least partly in the form slag (4) originating from processing of ferrous metal. ... From the smelting ...
اقرأ أكثر
The prereduction and smelting of chromite concentrate of …
The prereduction and smelting characteristics of UG-2 ore were studied and compared with those of Winterveld chromite ore. The UG-2 ore proved more reducible, and substantial prereduction (over 70 per cent reduction after 30 minutes at 1250QC) was obtained.
اقرأ أكثر
Energy consumptions for Kell hydrometallurgical refining …
chromite), whereas UG2 concentrates have low sulphide and base-metal contents and higher chromite content. Smelting of UG2 concentrate requires blending with Merensky or Platreef, and, as the proportion of UG2 increases, higher temperatures and power densities are required to keep the chromite in solution in the slag.
اقرأ أكثر
Commercialization of the ConRoast process
The present smelting and base metals refining capacities in South Africa have a number of limitations and have not seen the use of a novel smelting process for many years. There are limits to the levels of chromite that can be treated using existing furnace technology. In addition to the limited smelting capacity, only the Anglo Platinum and Impala
اقرأ أكثر
A Decarbonization Approach for FeCr Production
In this study, the reducing smelting of chromite concentrates by EAF-assisted metallothermic method was investigated. The effect of Al Powder and Al Dross addition amount, time, and the ratio of flux addition on the produced metal and slag compositions and metal recovery were investigated. It was seen that ferrochrome can be produced from fine-grained chromite …
اقرأ أكثر
Energy consumptions for Kell hydrometallurgical refining …
smelting processes that are highly susceptible to deleterious constituents, such as chromite, in the feed concentrate. Given the current rapid increase in energy costs over the recent past and forecast in future years, as well as the increasing chromite content of smelter feeds due to the higher proportion of UG2 chromititic PGM ore
اقرأ أكثر
Potential Toxic Effects of Chromium, Chromite Mining …
Chromite ore is mined, crushed and processed to produce chromite concentrate. To create ferrochrome, chromite concentrate is combined with a reductant (coke, coal, charcoal or ... During the high temperature smelting of chromite ore, some Cr-III is converted to toxic Cr-VI, contaminating the dust. Prior to smelting, steps employed in some
اقرأ أكثر
Pelletising-sintering, prereduction, and smelting …
To produce desirable sinter products required by the blast furnace smelting process, sintering tests of ore mixtures made from a low grade South African chromite concentrate (Cr2O3/FeO =...
اقرأ أكثر
Essential elements
'Chromite concentrate is utilised in the smelting process to make ferrochrome and other alloys that require chromite as a component,' says Moti. 'Once removed from the upper soil layers …
اقرأ أكثر
Investigation on Technology and Mechanism of High Carbon …
Chromite is main raw material for smelting ferrochromium。 ... How to utilize the imported chromite concentrate to make good sintering quality, and then to smelt high carbon ferromanganese alloys was studied.The study used pellets sintering-electric furnace smelting process, which can gain high carbon ferrochrome alloys from chromite ...
اقرأ أكثر
concentrate smelting process plants
12.3 Primary Copper Smelting. In the smelting process, either hot calcine from the roaster or raw unroasted concentrate is melted with siliceous flux in a smelting furnace to produce copper matte. The required heat comes
اقرأ أكثر
Solid state reduction of chromite concentrate
The solid state reduction of a chromite concentrate from Northern Greece in the temperature range 1100-1470°C has been studied. The degree of reduction of chromite by graphite was found to increase with increasing temperature, time, and carbon addition. The maximum reduction percentage attained (defined as the mass of carbon monoxide evolved expressed as a …
اقرأ أكثر
Smelting of low grade chromite concentrate fines
smelting low grade chromite concentrate grade chromite concentrate fines Prior art date Application number EA201590864A Other languages Russian (ru) Other versions EA201590864A1 (en Inventor Изабелла Джоанна Гельденхис ...
اقرأ أكثر
Spinel Removal from PGM Smelting Furnaces
(b) The second variety (UG2 ore) is actually a chromite ore containing large quantities of PGMs. These UG2 ores are a rich resource, but processing them through the conventional route described above is problematic, for a number of reasons, mostly associated with the concentrate chemistry. Typical Concentrate analyses are shown in Table I below:
اقرأ أكثر
A kinetic study on chromite ore smelting reduction
Experiments on the smelting reduction of chromite ore in a 1-kg middle frequency induction furnace showed that the reduction is controlled by the mass transfer of chromium oxide dissolved in the slag. The dissolution of chromite particles into the liquid slag has little effect on the reduction rate. A decrease in the initial slag basicity (CaO/SiO 2 ) from 1.5 to 1.0 decreases …
اقرأ أكثر
Smelting of High-Carbon Ferrochrome from Prereduced …
Experimental smelting of three batches of prereduced chromite raw materials with different degrees of metallization of chromium was conducted in the 0.2 MVA ore-smelting …
اقرأ أكثر
The Reduction of Chrome in UG-2 Flotation Concentrate by
This represents 1.33% decrease in chrome content, from 3.63% to 2.30%, in UG-2 concentrate. Normal probability plot of 2 4 full factorial design of main and interacting factors.
اقرأ أكثر
Advancements in Removing Fluorine from Copper …
concentrate are diverse and vary between smelters and mining companies. Custom smelters that purchase copper concentrate for smelting and rening generally blend concentrates with Table 1 Copper concentrate maximum uorine level and approxi-mate penalty Fluorine pen-alty limit, % Penalty Reference China 0.1 [15]
اقرأ أكثر
A Decarbonization Approach for FeCr Production
In this study, the reducing smelting of chromite concentrates by EAF-assisted metallothermic method was investigated. The effect of AlPowder and AlDross addition …
اقرأ أكثر
The prereduction and smelting of chromite concentrate …
The prereduction and smelting characteristics of UG-2 ore were studied and compared with those of Winterveld chromite ore. The UG-2 ore proved more reducible, and substantial …
اقرأ أكثر
Effect of SiO2 addition on solid state reduction of chromite concentrate
The effect of SiO 2 addition on the solid state reduction of a Greek chromite concentrate, at 1300 and 1400°C, has been studied. Addition of SiO 2 in the chromite concentrate-graphite mixture generally promoted reduction at 1400°C. However, there was a critical content of SiO 2 after which lower final reduction degrees at higher silica contents were attained. This was due …
اقرأ أكثر
Simulation-based life cycle assessment of ferrochrome …
Smelting of chromite concentrate is done in a submerged arc furnace and in most cases using pelletized feed. However, there are several variations on technologies mostly in the preparation of pelletized feed for smelting.
اقرأ أكثر